Volume 14, Issue 1 (Special Issue: Leishmania 2026)
Res Mol Med (RMM) 2026, 14(1): 0-0 |
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Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Fakhar M, Fallahi Lima A M, Tabaripour R, Hatamipour H, Mesgarian F. Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Negative Direct Smear: Two Case Reports Confirmed by Molecular Diagnosis. Res Mol Med (RMM) 2026; 14 (1)
URL: http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-620-en.html
URL: http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-620-en.html
Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi1 
, Mahdi Fakhar2 , Amir Mohammad Fallahi Lima3 , Rabeeh Tabaripour4 , Hedieh Hatamipour5 , Fatemeh Mesgarian6
, Mahdi Fakhar2 , Amir Mohammad Fallahi Lima3 , Rabeeh Tabaripour4 , Hedieh Hatamipour5 , Fatemeh Mesgarian6
1- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. & Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. ,mahdifakhar53@gmail.com
3- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
4- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. & Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
5- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
6- Gonabad Health Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
2- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. & Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. ,
3- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
4- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. & Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
5- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
6- Gonabad Health Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Abstract: (15 Views)
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, primarily transmitted to humans by bites of infected female sandflies.
Case presentation: A 5-year-old girl from Damghan presented with a chronic lesion on her hand that was initially misdiagnosed as a fungal infection; however, a kDNA-based PCR assay confirmed CL despite negative direct smears. A 43-year-old man from the same region had a painful ulcerative leg lesion misdiagnosed as fungal; kDNA-based PCR confirmed Leishmania major infection, and he improved following treatment with glucantime. These cases illustrate the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations and underscore the importance of molecular diagnostics for accurate detection in endemic areas.
Conclusion: Atypical CL presents diverse clinical features, especially in children, which complicate diagnosis. Increased awareness and further research are crucial to improving outcomes and refining management strategies.
Case presentation: A 5-year-old girl from Damghan presented with a chronic lesion on her hand that was initially misdiagnosed as a fungal infection; however, a kDNA-based PCR assay confirmed CL despite negative direct smears. A 43-year-old man from the same region had a painful ulcerative leg lesion misdiagnosed as fungal; kDNA-based PCR confirmed Leishmania major infection, and he improved following treatment with glucantime. These cases illustrate the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations and underscore the importance of molecular diagnostics for accurate detection in endemic areas.
Conclusion: Atypical CL presents diverse clinical features, especially in children, which complicate diagnosis. Increased awareness and further research are crucial to improving outcomes and refining management strategies.
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