@article{ author = {Manoochehri, Hamed and Sheykhhasan, Mohsen and Pourjafar, Mona and Saidijam, Masou}, title = {Exosomes and their Role in Cancer Development, Diagnosis and Therapy}, abstract ={Exosomes have important role in tumor cell communication with their environment and are involved in pathogenesis, development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. In this letter we aimed to illustrate the exosome roles in cancer development, diagnosis and treatment. }, Keywords = {Exosomes, Neoplasm}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Hossein and Parsamanesh, Negi}, title = {MicroRNA as Novel Strategies for Cancer Treatment}, abstract ={MicroRNAs (mirNAs) have garnered tremendous interest in cancer biology research in the recent decade. mirNAs are a group of short non-coding RNAs,20–24 nucleotides in length, thatare found in animals and plants.Theycan reduce the expression of genes involved in numerous vital cell processes. Recent evidences indicate a key role played by mirNAs in the initiation and development of human carcinogenesis. These function including: the regulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and several tumor-associated genes to that of processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Clinical trials aimed at improving mirNA profiling for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of different disorders are now underway. In this review, we have summarized the physiological role of mirNAs and theirdiagnostic and therapeutic potential inclinical assessment.}, Keywords = {microRNAs, cancer,therapeutic }, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-15}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-277-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-277-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aghajani, Meysam and Rafiei, Alireza and Ghaffari, Javad and Valadan, Reza and Kardan, Mostaf}, title = {Immune Dysregulation in Children with Allergic asthma, a close Relationship between IL-17 but not IL-4 or IFN-g, and Disease Severity}, abstract ={Background : Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease often determined with degrees of inflammation, hypersensitivity, bronchial constriction, and airway changes. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells are the main cells involved in asthma pathophysiology. To evaluate Th1, Th2, and Th17 functions by assessing INF-g, IL-4, and IL-17 gene and protein levels in asthma patients and healthy controls. Materials and methods: In total, 44 individuals of Iranian ethnicity including 24 patients with allergic asthma and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all participants were isolated and cDNA was synthesized following RNA extraction. Gene expression and protein levels of INF-g, IL-4, and IL-17 were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and sandwich ELISA, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-17 in patients was increased significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.046 and 0.03, respectively) whereas that of IFN-g was significantly decreased in the group of patients (p = 0.021). Compared to the healthy controls, serum levels of IL-17 and IL-4 were significantly increased in asthma patients (p = 0.015 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Higher IL-17 and IL-4 mRNA expression and serum levels in asthma patients than healthy controls highlight the role of Th2 and Th17 cells in asthma pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets.   }, Keywords = {Allergic asthma, IL4, IL17, IFN-g , Immune dysregulation }, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-29}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sheikhalizadeh, Vajihe and AhangarzadehRezaee, Mohammad and Langarizadeh, Nastaran and Goli, Hamid Rez}, title = {Different Features of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Children and Adults}, abstract ={Background: This study aimed to describe the association between age groups and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, also integron presence in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Tabriz, Iran. Methods: 140 isolates of E. coli and 150 isolates of K. pneumoniae, both comprising the same number of children and adult isolates were examined for susceptibility to 13 routine antibiotics. The integron existence in multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was also determined using PCR-RFLP. Results: The significant age related differences were observed in the resistant rates of K. pneumoniae toward cotrimoxazol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. For E. coli, age related differences in the resistance rates to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were significant. PCR-RFLP results revealed the presence of class 1 integron (intI1) in 24.5% and 19.2% of MDR E. coli in children and adults, respectively. In K. pneumoniae, 72.9% of children and 84% of adults isolates were positive for intI1. The prevalence of class 2 integrons was significantly associated with age group, in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. No class 3 integrons were detected in this study. Conclusions: The resistance rates differ across age groups. Moreover, this study is the first that demonstrated age related differences in the integron  presence, especially class 2 integrons, in E. coli and K. pneumoniae.}, Keywords = {Integron, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Children, Adult}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-40}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nouri, Somayyeh and Mousavi, Zahra and Azizi, Soheil and Bagheri, Babak and Ataee, Rami}, title = {Evaluation of Relationship between Single-nucleotide Polymorphism in TNF-gene Promoter and Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Fatemeh Zahra Hospital}, abstract ={Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine of proinflmmatory that elicits a polyvalent initial response of inflammatory cells in coronary atherosclerosis. Polymorphism and susceptibility to atherosclerosis may be related to the TNF-α gene promoter. The aim of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene promoter at two sites in patients with atherosclerosis referred to the Fatemeh al-Zahra Hospital, Sari City. Methods: This study was a case control study which involved 120 patients (>50% stenosis) and 120 healthy individuals (<10% stenosis). Genomic DNA was extracted with the phenol-chloroform method from white blood cells. Genotypes and TNF-α gene polymorphisms were analyzed using RFLP-PCR. Genotype frequency analysis, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, and chi-square analysis have been conducted using SPSS software, version 22. Results: Genotype frequencies of GA, GG, and AA at position –308 of the TNF-α gene promoter in patients were 12.5%, 75%, and 12.5%, respectively. The respective values in healthy subjects were 7.5%, 21.7%, and 70.8%. Allele A to G polymorphism increased the risk of disease by 12.716%. The genotype frequencies of the AC, CC, and AA at position –863 of the TNF-α gene promoter in patients were 3.3%, 69.2%, and 27.5%, respectively. The respective values in healthy individuals were 2.5%, 11.7%, and 85.8%. Allele A to C polymorphism increased the risk of the disease by 16.373%. The difference in the risk of atherosclerosis was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mutations in TNF-α gene promoter could increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Determination of the genotypes of the individuals in these regions can help identify patients at risk for this disease.}, Keywords = {PCR, PCR-RFLP, TNF-α, Polymorphism, Atherosclerosis, Inflammatory cytokines}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-53}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khalili, Mohammad and Bayat, Mansour and Hashemi, Seyed Jamal and KaramiRobati, Azadeh}, title = {Subtilisin Genes (SUB1-3) Presence in Microsporum canis Isolates with Human and Animal Source}, abstract ={Background: The presence of subtilisin genes (SUBs) coding for serine proteases in Microsporum canis DNA, contribute to the adherence of fungi to keratinized tissues. The aim of this study was identifed the presence/absence of subtilisin gene family in M.canis isolated from human and animal source. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 24 samples of patients and pets with dermatophytosis from September to November 2017. Genomic DNA, pertaining to all pure colonies in Sabouraud agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol (SCC) and Sabouraud Dextrose agar(SDA), extracted, using rapid method without liquid nitrogen. M. canis were detected by molecular test. SUB1, SUB2 and SUB3 gene of M. canis amplified. The relative frequency of the genomic sequences also calculated. Results: M. canis DNA were extracted from cats (n=6), dog (n=1) and human (n=3) with tinea corporis and showed a high percentage for SUB2 (90%; 9/10) and the absence of SUB genes in a M. canis isolated from dog with develop dermatophytosis. The same results were observed in the frequency of the SUBs presence from the colonies grown on SCC and SDA. Conclusion: The presence of SUBs in M. canis isolates with human and animal source will be the basal to understand  zoonotic infections . The absence SUBs in clinical isolate, indicates that they are indispensable for initiation of the infection.}, Keywords = {Microsporum canis. Subtilisin Genes (SUB1-3). Human infection. Animal infection. PCR}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-62}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.html}, eprint = {http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.pdf}, journal = {Research in Molecular Medicine}, issn = {2322-1348}, eissn = {2322-133X}, year = {2018} }