en Special Issue: “Leishmaniasis” Special Issue: “Leishmaniasis” گزارش مورد case report <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, primarily transmitted to humans by bites of infected female sandflies.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This report describes two patients from Damghan with cutaneous lesions that were initially misdiagnosed as fungal infections. The lesions were evaluated using direct smear microscopy and a kDNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The first patient was a 5-year-old girl with a chronic lesion on her hand. Despite a negative direct smear, kDNA-based PCR confirmed CL. The second patient was a 43-year-old man with a painful ulcerative lesion on his leg. kDNA-based PCR confirmed Leishmania major infection, and the<br> patient improved following treatment with Glucantime.<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atypical CL presents diverse clinical features, especially in children, which complicate diagnosis. Increased awareness and further research are crucial to improving outcomes and refining management strategies.</div> Atypical presentations, cutaneous leishmaniasis, Case report, Molecular test 51 56 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-183-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi ziaei2000@yahoo.com 100319475328460013915 100319475328460013915 No Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Mahdi Fakhar mahdifakhar53@gmail.com 100319475328460013916 100319475328460013916 Yes Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Amir Mohammad Fallahi Lima amirlimaaa9@gmail.com 100319475328460013917 100319475328460013917 No Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Rabeeh Tabaripour r.tabaripour69@gmail.com 100319475328460013918 100319475328460013918 No Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hedieh Hatamipour Hedi.hatami@gmail.com 100319475328460013919 100319475328460013919 No Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Fatemeh Mesgarian Mesgariana@yahoo.com 100319475328460013920 100319475328460013920 No Gonabad Health Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.