en Special Issue: “Leishmaniasis” Special Issue: “Leishmaniasis” review review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Parasitic diseases impose a profound global health and economic burden, particularly in resource-limited settings where rapid and accurate diagnostic infrastructure is lacking. Traditional diagnostic methods often fall short in sensitivity, specificity, and point-of-care adaptability. Aptamers&mdash;single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides selected in vitro via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX)&mdash;have emerged as highly stable, cost-effective, and versatile biorecognition elements capable of binding diverse targets with high affinity and specificity. This review explored the mechanisms of aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) and their emerging applications in diagnosing strategic parasitic infections, including malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, Human African Trypanosomiasis, and giardiasis. Despite challenges, such as nuclease degradation and SELEX-related biases, aptamer-based biosensors demonstrate significant potential as reliable, sensitive, and specific tools for next-generation diagnosis and monitoring of parasitic diseases.</span> <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></div> Aptamer, Biosensors, Emerging tools, Parasitic diseases 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-183-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Rezvan Yazdian Robati yazdianr921@gmail.com 100319475328460013676 100319475328460013676 No Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Rabeeh Tabaripour r.tabaripour69@gmail.com 100319475328460013677 100319475328460013677 No Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Mahdi Fakhar mahdifakhar53@gmail.com 100319475328460013678 100319475328460013678 Yes Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi ziaei2000@yahoo.com 100319475328460013679 100319475328460013679 No Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.