en پزشکي فيزيکي و توانبخشي Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation پژوهشي Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong>Background: </strong></span>Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the elderly is an epidemic that significantly impacts global health. This experimental study aimed to compare the responses of microRNA-133a (miR-133a) in different tissues and of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in bone marrow tissue following resistance and endurance training in old rats with High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)- induced type 2 diabetes.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </span>T2D was induced by HFD/low-dose STZ in 30 male Wistar rats (21-monthold, Mean&plusmn;SD weight 418&plusmn;43 g). The rats received HFD (55%, 31%, and 14% of energy from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively; 5.2 kcal/g). The diets continued for eight weeks in both groups. Over week four, the rats in the group with HFD/STZ-induced T2D received treatment with low-dose STZ. After one week of familiarity with the laboratory environment, they were randomly divided into three groups: Diabetic Endurance Training (DET, n=10), Diabetic Resistance Training (DRT, n=10), and Diabetic Control (DC, n=10). The eight weeks of endurance training protocol comprised five sessions of moderate-intensity training (60%-75% velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) and low intensity (30%-30% vVO2max). In 60% Maximum Voluntary Carrying Capacity (MVCC), the resistance group climbed the ladder 14-20 times with 1-minute rest, five days a week.</p> <p style="font-style: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong>Results:</strong> </span>The results of the 1-way ANOVA test showed no significant change in serum miR-133 expression (P=0.411) and muscle tissue (P=0.077) following resistance and endurance training. However, significant differences were observed in bone marrow miR-133 expression (P=0.003) and Runx2 gene expression (P=0.002) between groups. Tukey&rsquo;s post hoc tests showed that the bone marrow miR-133 expression had a significant increase following eight weeks of resistance training compared to the endurance training (P=0.006) and control (P=0.002) groups, and bone marrow Runx2 gene expression in rats exposed to resistance training compared to the endurance training (P=0.044) and the control (P=0.018) groups.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> </span>It seems that longer periods of exercise are required for cellular changes in the metabolism of these tissues after these exercise protocols. This topic should be studied in future research.</p> Exercise, microRNA, Diabetes mellitus 163 172 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-810-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Asadi Farsani asadifarsani@gmail.com 100319475328460010876 100319475328460010876 Yes Shahrekord university Ebrahim Banitalebi banitalebi.e@gmail.com 100319475328460010877 100319475328460010877 No Shahrekord university Mohammad Faramarzi md.faramarzi@gmail.com 100319475328460010878 100319475328460010878 No Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran. Nuredin Bakhtiari banitalebi@sku.ac.ir 100319475328460010879 100319475328460010879 No Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North- Branch of Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Rahimi mostafa.rahimi20@gmail.com 100319475328460010880 100319475328460010880 No Shahrekord university