en ژنتیک Genetic پژوهشي Research <strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease which has become the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) display required inflammation moderator. IL-2 and IL-7 play significant roles in regulating cancer-immune system interactions. So, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the expression level of IL-2 and IL-7 in prostate cancer patients and healthy subjects.<br> <strong>Materials and</strong> <strong>methods</strong>: In this case-control study, expression of IL-2 and IL-7 was examined in peripheral blood of 40 prostate cancer patients and 40 healthy subjects by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Our findings showed that IL-7 has highly elevated expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy subjects (p-value = 0.0001). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the expression of the IL-2 between the two study groups (p-value = 0.12).<br> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Based on the results, IL-7 may be used as a prospective biomarker or as a molecular target in designing new prostate cancer control strategies. However, the findings of this investigation revealed no association between IL-2 expression and prostate cancer. Nevertheless, more studies should be included to appraise the exact relevance of this gene to prostate cancer. Interleukin, IL-2, IL-7, Prostate cancer. 33 38 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1098-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Faezeh Namazi faezehnamazi@yahoo.com 10031947532846008579 10031947532846008579 No Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran Nasrin Hadi nasrinhadi90@gmail.com 10031947532846008580 10031947532846008580 No Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Mohtasham St., Isfahan, Iran. Fatemeh Parnian Fparnian.fp@gmail.com 10031947532846008581 10031947532846008581 No Medical Biotechnology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mansour Moghimi mansour_moghimi@yahoo.com 10031947532846008582 10031947532846008582 Yes Associate Professor of Clinical and Surgical pathology, Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.