en داخلی Internal Medicine پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Some plant extracts can prevent kidney stone formation in a dose-dependent manner. In our study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> aqueous extraction on calcium oxalate formation in ethylene glycol-induced rats.<br> <strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> To evaluate anti-urolithiasis, variations of the main risk factors (citrate, phosphorous, calcium, and Ph) have been evaluated in 24-hour urine samples of rats one day before the end of the experiment. Rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1 was administered regular drinking water; group 2 was administered 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water, group 3 was administered 100 mg/kg of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract for oral administration by gavage along with drinking water containing 1% ethylene glycol; and group 4 was administered 200 mg/kg of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract by gavage along with drinking water containing 1% ethylene glycol. Finally, histopathological slides from the kidney were also evaluated.<br> <strong>RESULTS:</strong> Results showed that 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract significantly reduced the mentioned risk factors in comparison with ethylene glycol-treated rats (p<0.05).<br> <em>&nbsp;</em><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Histopathological slides showed reduced calcifications with extract treatment at 200 mg/kg of <em>Cannabis sativa</em>. Thus, this antioxidant herb can prevent kidney stone formation. These findings pave the way for new therapy.</div> Antioxidants, Cannabis sativa, Ethylene Glycol, Rats, Urate calcium oxalate stone, 8 15 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1085-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ahmad Amouzeshi amouzeshiahmad@gmail.com 10031947532846007675 10031947532846007675 No Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgery and Trauma Research Group, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.9717853577 Seyedeh Zahra Moossavi monamoossavi@gmail.com 10031947532846007676 10031947532846007676 No Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Seyed Yoosef Javad Moosavi usefjavad285@gmail.com 10031947532846007677 10031947532846007677 No Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Mahmoud Zardast m.zardast@bums.ac.ir 10031947532846007678 10031947532846007678 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Mohammad Malekaneh drmalekaneh@bums.ac.ir 10031947532846007679 10031947532846007679 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Sajad Esmaili sajadlt88@gmail.com 10031947532846007680 10031947532846007680 No Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Abdolghader Taneh ghadertane94@gmail.com 10031947532846007681 10031947532846007681 No Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Nasim Lotfi lotfi@bums.ac.ir 10031947532846007682 10031947532846007682 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. maryam moossavi maryam_moossavi@yahoo.com 10031947532846007683 10031947532846007683 No Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Reyhane Hoshyar reyhaneh.houshyar@gmail.com 10031947532846007684 10031947532846007684 Yes Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA