en ايمونولوژي Immunology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs 19&ndash;24 nucleotides long, which are differentially expressed in different tissues. The role of miRNAs in MS remains unclear.<strong> </strong>We assessed<em> miR-10a</em> transcript levels in MS patients during recurrence and two months after relapse.<br> <strong>Materials and methods</strong><strong>:</strong> In this case-control study, we used real-time PCR to examine <em>miR-10a</em> expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 60 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 30 during recurrence and 30 two months after relapse, and 30 healthy subjects who were referred to the MS Clinic of Kashani Hospital, Isfahan Province. In silico analysis was also performed on the validated <em>miR-10a</em> targets using miRTarBase.<br> <strong>Results: </strong><em>miR-10a</em> expression was higher in RRMS patients during recurrence and two months after relapse (<em>p</em> < 0.0001 and <em>p</em> < 0.0001, respectively) than in the healthy subjects. Furthermore, in silico molecular signaling enrichment analysis identified 12 mRNAs as validated <em>miR-10a</em> targets<em>.</em><br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> The expression of <em>miR-10a </em>was elevated in patients with RRMS compared to healthy subjects, suggesting that <em>miR-10a</em> could be a potential biomarker for RRMS diagnosis.</div> Biomarker, miRNA, miR-10a, Multiple sclerosis 59 68 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1061-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Niloofar Boroumand nilufarborumand@gmail.com 10031947532846007723 10031947532846007723 No Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Amir Eshaghiyan amireashaghiyan@gmail.com 10031947532846007724 10031947532846007724 No Department of Genetics, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Shiraz, Iran. Parisa Behshood Parisa_behshood@yahoo.com 10031947532846007725 10031947532846007725 No Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Behnaz Nateghi behnaz.nateqi@gmail.com 10031947532846007726 10031947532846007726 No Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Nourdanesh Institutions of Higher Education, Meimeh, Isfahan, Iran. Farzaneh Emadi farzanehemadi10@gmail.com 10031947532846007727 10031947532846007727 Yes Department of Genetics, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Shiraz, Iran.