en آناتومي Anatomy پژوهشي Research <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify"><strong>Background: </strong>Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that can elicit neurotoxicity, and lead to apoptosis. There is accumulating evidence that oleuropein (OE) has anti-apoptotic effect. This study aimed at determining the DM toxicity and anti-apoptotic effect of OE pretreatment in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follow: DM treated group (12.5 mg/kg single dose), OE treated group (20 mg/kg per day), DM plus OE treated group, and vehicle group. Sections of cerebellum were taken 24 hours after deltamethrin injection and studied for histopathological and immunohistochemistry assessments.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify"><strong>Results:</strong> Further characteristics of degeneration in Purkinje neurons were observed in DM group compared with DM plus OE group. Compared with DM group (9.56&plusmn;1.69), the positive staining for Bax in Purkinje neurones decreased in DM plus OE group (2.99&plusmn;0.50) but upper than OE (0.72&plusmn;0.15) and vehicle (0.57&plusmn;0.03) groups. Compared with DM group (0.50&plusmn;0.05), the positive staining for Bcl-2 in Purkinje neurons increased in DM plus OE group (3.29&plusmn;0.18) but lower than OE (4.38&plusmn;0.80) and vehicle (5.87&plusmn;1.93) groups.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that DM induces apoptosis in Purkinje cells which is subsided by oleuropein.</p> Deltamethrin, Oleuropein, Purkinje, Apoptosis 10 16 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-204-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alireza Khalatbary khalat90@yahoo.com 10031947532846007048 10031947532846007048 Yes Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Behrooz Mohammadnegad 10031947532846007049 10031947532846007049 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Elmira Ghaffari 10031947532846007050 10031947532846007050 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Alireza Rafiei 10031947532846007051 10031947532846007051 No Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran