Research in Molecular Medicine

en Prediction of Immunoglobulin/c-myc t(8;14) Gene Translocation in Burkitt Lymphoma by Immunohistochemistry آسيب شناسي Pathology پژوهشي Research Background: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is a common and aggressive childhood cancer in East and Central Africa. Confirming the diagnosis using molecular tests, such as immunoglobulin (Ig)/c-myc t(14;8) gene translocation is difficult in many low-resource settings. This study aimed to examine whether a simpler laboratory method, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MYC protein, could reliably predict the presence of the Ig/c-myc, t(14;8) gene translocation in tumors from children with eBL treated at a referral hospital in Western Kenya. Methods: Tumor tissue samples from 22 children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) diagnosed with eBL in 2013 were randomly selected from hospital block archives. MYC protein expression was assessed using IHC on thin tissue sections, while the presence of the Ig/c-myc t(14;8) gene translocation was confirmed using both IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Demographic and clinical information were obtained from hospital records and structured interviews. Results: About one quarter of the reviewed cases were confirmed as eBL by both IHC and FISH. Most (78.8%) of these cases were boys, with an average age of 8.8 years. A high level of agreement (86.7%) was observed between MYC protein detection by IHC and the presence of the Ig/c-myc t(14;8) gene translocation by FISH. This showed that MYC by IHC closely reflects the underlying Ig/c-myc t(14;8) genetic change in the studied tumors. Children whose tumors showed MYC abnormalities tended to have poorer treatment outcomes (ρ = 0.344). Conclusion: Detecting MYC protein using IHC is a reliable and practical way to predict the presence of the Ig/c-myc t(14;8) translocation in eBL tumors. When used together with other tumor markers, MYC by IHC can improve diagnostic accuracy and help guide timely treatment decisions in low- and middle-income countries Burkitt lymphoma, cmyc genes, immunohistochemistry 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1452-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Isaac Ndede indede@mu.ac.ke 1 100319475328460013823 Yes Department of Pathology, Immunology Section, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya. Simeon K Mining smining57@gmail.com 100319475328460013824 100319475328460013824 No Department of Pathology, Immunology Section, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya. Kirtika Patel kirtikap@gmail.com 100319475328460013825 100319475328460013825 No Department of Pathology, Immunology Section, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya. Fredrick M Wanjala fmuyoma@gmail.com 100319475328460013826 100319475328460013826 No Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya. David Chumba dchumba@yahoo.com 100319475328460013827 100319475328460013827 No Department of Pathology, Histopathology and Cytology Section, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya. Constance Tenge cntenge@yahoo.co.uk 100319475328460013828 100319475328460013828 No Department of Child Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.

en What are the Protective Factors to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Pain After Open Heart Surgery? : A Scoping Review بیهوشی Anesthesia review review Background: Pain following open cardiac surgery is a common and debilitating complication that negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. Although extensive research has focused on risk factors, protective factors that may reduce the incidence or severity of pain have received less attention. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and categorize protective factors against pain after open cardiac surgery and to elucidate their mechanisms of action. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published from 2010 to February 2026. Studies investigating factors associated with reduced incidence or severity of pain following open heart surgery were included. Data extraction was carried out independently by two authors, and the identified factors were reported. Results: Of the 847 articles identified, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Protective factors were classified into five main categories: (1) psychological factors, (2) prehabilitation interventions, (3) factors associated with acute pain management (4) lifestyle factors, and (5) social support. The underlying mechanisms of action included modulation of inflammation, reduction of central sensitization, enhancement of descending inhibitory pain pathways, and improvement in coping strategies. Conclusion: This study offers a new perspective on post-cardiac surgery pain management, emphasizing protective factors and novel biotechnological approaches. Integrated multimodal interventions may reduce suffering, prevent chronic pain, and improve quality of life. Future trials should validate biotechnological strategies and explore underlying bio-psychosocial and molecular mechanisms. Cardiac surgery, Protective factors, Postoperative pain, Caregiving, Scoping review 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1475-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Forozeshfard mforozeshfard@gmail.com 1 100319475328460013829 No Cancer Research Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Shahrzad Izadi Shahrzad.izadi@gmail.com 2 100319475328460013830 No Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical sciences, Semnan, Iran. Kamran Ghods Kamran1230@yahoo.com 3 100319475328460013831 No Department of Cardiac Surgery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Keshvar Samadaeegelehkolaee k-samadaee@alumnus.tums.ac.ir 4 100319475328460013832 No 4. Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Ilia Zamani Hajiabadi madwx@yahoo.com 5 100319475328460013833 Yes Student research committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.

en Investigation of the Prevalence of Brucellosis Infection in Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods in Rural Areas of Ardabil Province, Iran, 2017-2018 ميکروبيولوژي Microbiology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease with global distribution. This disease has been prevalent in various parts of Iran since ancient times and is significant due to its specific medical complications. Given the endemic nature of the disease in the country, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis infection in blood donors using serological and molecular methods in rural areas of Ardabil Province, Iran, during 2017-2018. Methods: In a descriptive-cross-sectional study, anti-Brucella antibodies were investigated in the serum of 500 blood donors who referred to the Ardabil Province blood transfusion center. First, all blood samples were qualitatively tested by the Rose Bengal test. Then, on the Rose Bengal-positive samples, the Wright, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular method tests were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18) and the chi-square statistical test. Results: Out of 500 blood samples from individuals referring to the Ardabil Province blood transfusion center, 37 individuals had a positive Rose Bengal test, 27 had a Wright test titer of ≥1/80, and 18 had a 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) test titer of ≥1/40. No significant relationship was found between the seroprevalence of brucellosis and the gender of the blood donors, but a significant relationship was observed with age (P < 0.05). All 37 individuals who had a positive Rose Bengal test were reported negative by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Conclusion: If we consider the Wright test titer as the criterion for Brucella infection, the contamination with Brucella in the donors from Ardabil Province is not negligible.  </div> Brucellosis, Seroprevalence, Blood Donors, Rose Bengal, PCR, 2-Mercaptoethanol, Wright 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-454-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parisa Eslami parisa@gmail.com 100319475328460013812 100319475328460013812 No Student research Center, Mazandaran university of medical sciences, Sari, Iran Mehdi Fakhar mahdifakhar53@gmail.com 100319475328460013813 100319475328460013813 No Toxoplasma research center, Mazandaran university of medical sciences, Sari, Iran. Ahmed Dheyaa ahmad@gmail.com 100319475328460013814 100319475328460013814 No Student research Center, Mazandaran university of medical sciences, Sari, Iran Soheila Ahanjan soheila2007@gmail.com 100319475328460013815 100319475328460013815 No Student research Center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ahanjan ahanjan2007@gmail.com 100319475328460013816 100319475328460013816 Yes Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

en Evaluation of Kojic Acid derivatives as an Iron Chelator in Mice with Iron Overload داروسازی Pharmacology پژوهشي Research Iron overload is a major metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in various tissues, particularly the liver and heart, leading to severe tissue damage through oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular destruction. In recent years, iron chelators have attracted considerable attention as one of the principal therapeutic strategies for controlling this condition. However, currently available chelators, such as deferoxamine are associated with several limitations, including high cost, difficult administration, and poor patient compliance. Therefore, the search for novel, effective, and cost-efficient compounds continues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of kojic acid on ferritin levels and iron overload-related parameters in mice with experimentally induced iron overload. In this experimental study, laboratory mice were divided into different groups, including a control group, an iron overload model group, and kojic acid-treated groups. Iron overload was induced through intraperitoneal injection, and kojic acid was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples associated with iron storage and metabolism, particularly ferritin levels, were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software and one-way analysis of variance. Kojic acid exerted modulatory effects on several iron overload-related parameters and potentially contributed to the reduction of ferritin levels. Based on these results, kojic acid derivatives may be considered promising candidates for further investigation as potential iron chelators in the treatment or management of iron overload disorders. Nevertheless, additional studies are required to establish definitive conclusions.   Kojic acid, Iron overload, Ferritin, Iron chelator 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-856-9&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elahe Oladi oladielaheh@gmail.com 100319475328460013834 100319475328460013834 No Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shima Yousefi shimayousefi1998@gmail.com 100319475328460013835 100319475328460013835 No Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mehdi Mogharabi-Manzari mhdmogharabi@gmail.com 100319475328460013836 100319475328460013836 No Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Sajadd Molavi sajjad.molavi@gmail.com 100319475328460013837 100319475328460013837 No Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Hossein Jalali hossein.jalaliakerdi@gmail.com 100319475328460013838 100319475328460013838 Yes Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

en Synergistic Effects of Static Magnetic Field and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Paramecium caudatum Cyclosis نانوتکنولوژی Nanotechnology پژوهشي Research Bcckgroud: Nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly noticed due to their unique properties. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) also have the potential to affect biological processes. We studied the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and SMF on cyclosis, motor activity, and dynein density in Paramecium caudatum. Methodology: Samples (0.1 mL) of P. caudatum pure culture were exposed to ZnO NPs (1, 5, and 25 μg/μL). Experiments were conducted under natural geomagnetic conditions (laboratory) and under SMF (0.061 T). Control groups received only 1 µL of distilled water. Over periods of 30 sec, the s-shaped movements, the acid/base status of cyclosis vacuoles, the escape behaviour, the levels of antioxidant factors and nitric oxide (NO), and dynein density were measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The field had a decreasing effect on the movement of Paramecium compared to the control. ZnO NPs, regardless of the conditions, caused an increase in movement at high concentrations. Avoidance was induced in exposure to high concentrations of NPs. The acid/base ratio characteristic of cyclosis vacuoles declined in high concentrations of NPs. Antioxidant factors, such as glutathione and catalase were reduced after exposure to NPs, but more severely, under the field. However, superoxide dismutase and NO did not change significantly. Dynein density decreased after exposure to high concentrations of nanomaterial under the field. Conclusion: ZnO NPs and SMF probably have synergistic effects on the physiology of Paramecium, including cyclosis and motility, by affecting the density of motor and scaffold proteins.   Paramecium caudatum, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), static magnetic field (SMF), cyclosis 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1477-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Samaneh Kanani samanehk9879@gmail.com 100319475328460013839 100319475328460013839 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Manizheh Karami karami@shahed.ac.ir 100319475328460013840 100319475328460013840 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Abazar Hajnorouzi ahajnorouzi@gmail.com 100319475328460013841 100319475328460013841 No Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

en Uric Acid-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Not Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study بیوشیمی Biochemistry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has recently emerged as a potential cardiometabolic biomarker. This study evaluated the association between UHR and coronary artery disease (CAD), glycemic control, and lipid-related parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 120 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into those with angiographically documented CAD (DM_CD, n = 60) and those without CAD (DM, n = 60). Fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, serum uric acid levels, creatinine levels, complete blood count parameters, inflammatory indices, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index were measured. UHR was calculated as serum uric acid divided by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: UHR did not differ significantly between patients with and without CAD (0.139±0.060 vs. 0.126±0.045, P=0.123) and was not associated with fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, or the TyG index. Patients with CAD had significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil count, and hematocrit, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts (all P<0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, only NLR remained independently associated with CAD (adjusted OR=3.99, 95% CI: 1.52–10.52; P=0.005), whereas UHR, the TyG index, and HbA1c levels were not. Conclusions: UHR was not associated with CAD or glycemic control and was not an independent predictor of CAD in patients with T2DM. These findings do not support the use of UHR for discriminating established CAD in this study population. Larger prospective studies with adjustment for potential confounding factors are warranted.</div> Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Uric acid-to-HDL ratio, Coronary artery disease, Glycemic control, Lipid profile, Cardiometabolic risk.. 0 0 http://rmm.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-256-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abbas Abdulhussein Dahash AL-Shiblawi abbas.96abid@gmail.com 100319475328460013817 100319475328460013817 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini malakekavir4479@gmail.com 100319475328460013818 100319475328460013818 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Farimah sadat Mousavi Kisari Sf.musavi.k@gmail.com 100319475328460013819 100319475328460013819 No Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Sahar Eskandari Ghadi s.eskandari7988@gmail.com 100319475328460013820 100319475328460013820 No Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Abbas Khonakdar khonakdarab@gmail.com 100319475328460013821 100319475328460013821 Yes Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hadis Musavi msc.musavi66@gmail.com 100319475328460013822 100319475328460013822 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.